DNA Polymerases: How Do They Extend the Primer?

What is the role of DNA polymerases in DNA replication?

Choose the correct option:

A. Catalyze the formation of phosphodiester bonds

B. Break down DNA strands

C. Modify RNA molecules

D. Control gene expression

Answer: A

Explanation: DNA polymerases are enzymes involved in DNA replication. They catalyze the formation of phosphodiester bonds between nucleotides, which extend the primer and form the new DNA strand.

DNA polymerases are essential enzymes that play a crucial role in the process of DNA replication. During DNA replication, the DNA polymerase extends the primer by adding deoxynucleotide triphosphate nucleotides to the 3' end of the primer.

The DNA polymerase catalyzes the formation of phosphodiester bonds between the incoming nucleotide and the last nucleotide in the growing DNA strand. This process helps in extending the primer and forming a complementary strand of DNA.

One of the key features of DNA polymerases is their ability to select the correct nucleotide to add to the growing DNA chain. They ensure that the complementary base pairing rules are followed, which helps maintain the accuracy of DNA replication.

Furthermore, DNA polymerases also have proofreading capabilities, which allow them to correct any errors that may occur during replication. This proofreading activity helps in minimizing mutations and ensuring the fidelity of the genetic information passed on to the next generation.