How did the United States influence Hawaii in the late 19th century?

During the late 19th century, the United States exerted significant influence over Hawaii through various means. One of the key events that signaled American intervention was the imposition of the \'Bayonet Constitution\' in 1887. This constitution, forced upon the Hawaiian monarchy by American interests, severely limited the rights of Native Hawaiians and consolidated power in the hands of American and European residents, particularly sugar planters.

The economic factors at play were crucial in shaping U.S. involvement in Hawaii. The passage of the McKinley Tariff in 1890 dealt a severe blow to the Hawaiian sugar industry by eliminating the preferential trade status it previously enjoyed in the American market. As a result, sugar planters, who held significant influence and power in Hawaii, began to lobby for annexation to the United States as a means to regain their competitive advantage.

Moreover, the strategic location of Hawaii in the Pacific Ocean made it a valuable asset for the United States from a geopolitical standpoint. As the U.S. sought to expand its influence and power in the region, Hawaii's position as a crucial naval base and refueling station further fueled American interest in establishing control over the islands.

Overall, the convergence of economic, political, and strategic interests led to the increased American influence in Hawaii during the late 19th century. The actions taken by the United States, such as the imposition of the \'Bayonet Constitution\' and the push for annexation, were driven by a combination of economic motivations, strategic considerations, and a desire to expand American influence in the Pacific region.