Animal Welfare Act: Promoting Humane Practices

What does the Animal Welfare Act (AWA) apply to?

a) Research facilities

b) Pet stores

c) Zoos

d) All of the above

Answer:

The Animal Welfare Act (AWA) applies to all of the above options: research facilities, pet stores, and zoos.

The Animal Welfare Act (AWA) was introduced by Congress in the United States in 1966 with the main objective of promoting more humane procedures in handling, transport, and sale of certain animals, particularly those used in research facilities. Over the years, this act has been amended to include other areas where animal welfare is important such as pet stores and zoos.

However, it's essential to note that while the AWA covers a wide range of establishments, not all animals are included under its protection. For instance, animals commonly used in laboratory experiments like rats, mice, and birds are not covered by the AWA.

In the context of research facilities, in addition to the AWA, the Public Health Service Policy (PHS Policy) also plays a significant role. The PHS Policy applies to all research facilities conducting animal research that receive federal funding. It mandates the formation of an institutional animal care and use committee (IACUC) to review proposed animal research experiments and ensure ethical treatment of animals.

Aside from research facilities, the AWA also extends its regulations to the pet trade and various industry trades such as zoos, aquariums, circuses, and wildlife reserves. While these industries are impacted both positively and negatively by the regulations, efforts are being made to enhance the conditions of animals.